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Lots of other Scientologist-run companies and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area needs growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or highly regarded people. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has obtained some reliability as a faith in numerous nations, Scientology has actually likewise been described as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Video game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be perceived as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case have a peek at these guys was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption hop over to these guys as proof the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in an internet survey run by the presidential shift team getting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a business business, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the US. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later on renamed the Workplace of Special Affairs or internet OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated one of the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by a company not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive strategies in resolving those it views as attempting to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.